Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church, remains in a critical condition with kidney failure, the Vatican has announced.

The 88-year-old pontiff has received treatment for pneumonia and a complex lung infection for 11 days at Rome’s Gemelli hospital earlier this month and warned close confidantes he may not survive.

Appointed pope in 2013, Francis has led a relatively progressive but controversial papacy that has seen women accede to key roles, the recognition of LGBT + rights and the Vatican begin to address Catholic Church child abuse scandals.

Live updates below

Pope’s Italian cousin is ‘extremely worried’

Francis’ cousin Carla Rabezzana, 93, said yesterday she was very concerned for her relative’s health.

Ms Rabezzana, who still lives in the family’s hometown of Portacomaro, near Turin, said: ‘We are all extremely worried.

‘We hope he will feel better soon and get over this bad moment, I am very agitated.’

She added: ‘We are all praying for him to get out of hospital.’

The pope’s cousin added that the local church had been full of worshippers.

He paid a private visit to relatives in the town three years ago (pictured) and met suppporters in in Asti in the Piedmont region his family’s hometown is in. He presided over a mass at the city’s cathedral and received honorary citizenship of Asti.

ASTI, ITALY - NOVEMBER 20: Pope Francis greets faithful before departing aboard a helicopter to return to Vatican City on November 20, 2022 in Asti, Italy. The Pope took a two-day trip to his family's Italian ancestral region of Piedmont in north-western Italy where, yesterday, he paid a private visit to his relatives in Portacomaro and today, met the faithful in Asti before presiding over a mass at the city's cathedral. (Photo by Stefano Guidi/Getty Images)(Photo by Stefano Guidi/Getty Images)

What would the mourning period for the pope look like?

The pope’s death would be followed by nine days of mourning, a period known as the Novendiale, which originated in Ancient Rome. Italy would also go into national mourning.

His body would be displayed in St Peter’s Basilica, after it was blessed and dressed in papal vestments, for his supporters to come to pay their respects.

Francis requested, last year, simplified rites – instead of his body being displayed on a raised platform, he would lie in an open coffin.

Below are pictures of several masses held in Mexico City, Mexico, yesterday, to pray for the health of the Pope:

The Catholic world prays for the Pope

Anxious supporters of Francis from around the world have been praying for his full recovery over the course of his 11 days in hospital.

He spoke from his hospital bed yesterday to thank his doctors and all the people sending ‘prayers of comfort’ from across the globe.

He said: ‘I am confidently continuing my hospitalisation at the Gemelli Hospital, carrying on with the necessary treatment – and rest is also part of the therapy!’

He added: ‘In recent days I have received many messages of affection and I have been particularly struck by the letters and drawings from children.

‘Thank you for this closeness and for the prayers of comfort I have received from all over the world! I entrust you all to the intercession of Mary and I ask you to pray for me.’

Our reporter has more – and pictures have poured in from across the world of Francis’ supporters making the ‘prayers of comfort’ he so valued. Here are some from outside the Gemelli hospital in Rome:

The process of confirming a Pope’s death

The first thing to happen when a pope dies is the confirmation of their death. A senior Vatican official called the camerlengo visits the pope’s body in their private chapel and tries to rouse him, confirming the death when the pontiff does not respond.

This symbolic, ceremonial process would, these days, tend to follow a standard medical confirmation of death.

When the pope does not respond to the camerlengo, their signet ring – used as a seal for official documents – is destroyed, marking the end of their papacy. The papal apartments are closed off.

The camerlengo then tells a senior church committee called the College of Cardinals the pope has died – before the Vatican announces it to the world media.

The current camerlengo is Irish Cardinal Kevin Farrell (pictured).

What would happen if the Pope died?

With Francis experiencing the longest hospitalisation of his papacy, the Catholic world is preparing for the worst.

Last year, he approved a more stripped back version of a papal funeral for himself, getting rid of some of the more archaic rituals that traditionally come with such an event.

But still, the series of events that would happen if the Pope were to pass away is one that has been honed over centuries, with some aspects dating back to Ancient Rome.

And at the end, there would be an election to select the new Catholic leader – just like in the Oscar-nominated film Conclave (pictured, Ralph Fiennes as Cardinal Thomas Lawrence) – watching over the spiritual life of a billion people around the world.

We will break the process down into four parts: his death, burial and mourning period, and the election that follows.

Pope marks his 11th day in hospital

The Vatican’s one-line update from this morning, saying that the Pope was resting after a good night’s sleep, did not mention if Francis had woken up.

Late last night, doctors reported that blood tests showed early kidney failure – but it was under control.

He remains in critical condition but has not experienced any further respiratory crises since Saturday when he had a prolonged asthmatic attack.

He was receiving high amounts of oxygen and yesterday, he was alert, responsive and attended Mass.

Doctors have said the pontiff’s condition is touch and go, given his age, fragility and pre-existing chronic lung disease.

They have warned that the main threat he faces is sepsis, a serious infection of the blood that can happen as a complication of pneumonia.

But the Vatican itself has not yet mentioned sepsis in its regular updates on his condition.

Francis spent ten days at the Gemelli hospital in 2021 after he had part of his colon removed.

Gemelli Hospital in Rome surrounded by gifts from well wishers

Pontiff resting after sleeping well last night

Francis had a good night last night, according to an update from the Vatican this morning, and is resting after he was ‘well oriented’ on Sunday and attended Mass.

‘The night passed well, the pope slept and is resting’, the statement said.

Our reporter has more in our latest coverage of the Pope’s ongoing health crisis:

Pope Francis in critical condition and suffering early kidney failure

Hello and welcome to MailOnline’s live coverage as Pope Francis remains in critical condition and is suffering early kidney failure in hospital, according to the Vatican’s latest announcement.

The 88-year-old pontiff has been receiving treatment for pneumonia and a complex lung infection for 11 days at Rome’s Gemelli hospital since being admitted with breathing difficulties on February 14.

It makes this the longest hospitalisation of his papacy, since he became leader of the worldwide Catholic Church since 2013.

Stick with us as we bring you the latest updates from this breaking news story.

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